优化性能

C -> B -> A
D ---^

a = depset(direct=['a'])
b = depset(direct=['b'], transitive=[a])
c = depset(direct=['c'], transitive=[b])
d = depset(direct=['d'], transitive=[b])

a = ['a']
b = ['b', 'a']
c = ['c', 'b', 'a']
d = ['d', 'b', 'a']

MyProvider = provider()

def _impl(ctx):
  my_things = ctx.attr.things
  all_things = depset(
      direct=my_things,
      transitive=[dep[MyProvider].all_things for dep in ctx.attr.deps]
  )
  ...
  return [MyProvider(
    my_things=my_things,  # OK, a flat list of rule-local things only
    all_things=all_things,  # OK, a depset containing dependencies
  )]

x = depset()
for i in inputs:
    # Do not do that.
    x = depset(transitive = [x, i.deps])

transitive = []

for i in inputs:
    transitive.append(i.deps)

x = depset(transitive = transitive)

x = depset(transitive = [i.deps for i in inputs])

def _impl(ctx):
  ...
  args = ctx.actions.args()
  file = ctx.declare_file(...)
  files = depset(...)

  # Bad, constructs a full string "--foo=<file path>" for each rule instance
  args.add("--foo=" + file.path)

  # Good, shares "--foo" among all rule instances, and defers file.path to later
  # It will however pass ["--foo", <file path>] to the action command line,
  # instead of ["--foo=<file_path>"]
  args.add("--foo", file)

  # Use format if you prefer ["--foo=<file path>"] to ["--foo", <file path>]
  args.add(format="--foo=%s", value=file)

  # Bad, makes a giant string of a whole depset
  args.add(" ".join(["-I%s" % file.short_path for file in files])

  # Good, only stores a reference to the depset
  args.add_all(files, format_each="-I%s", map_each=_to_short_path)

# Function passed to map_each above
def _to_short_path(f):
  return f.short_path

inputs = depset(...)
ctx.actions.run(
  inputs = inputs,  # Do *not* turn inputs into a list
  ...
)

{
  "otherData": {
    "build_id": "101bff9a-7243-4c1a-8503-9dc6ae4c3b05",
    "date": "Tue Jun 16 08:30:21 CEST 2020",
    "output_base": "/usr/local/google/_bazel_johndoe/573d4be77eaa72b91a3dfaa497bf8cd0"
  },
  "traceEvents": [
    {"name":"thread_name","ph":"M","pid":1,"tid":0,"args":{"name":"Critical Path"}},
    {"cat":"build phase marker","name":"Launch Bazel","ph":"X","ts":-1824000,"dur":1824000,"pid":1,"tid":60},
    ...
    {"cat":"general information","name":"NoSpawnCacheModule.beforeCommand","ph":"X","ts":116461,"dur":419,"pid":1,"tid":60},
    ...
    {"cat":"package creation","name":"src","ph":"X","ts":279844,"dur":15479,"pid":1,"tid":838},
    ...
    {"name":"thread_name","ph":"M","pid":1,"tid":11,"args":{"name":"Service Thread"}},
    {"cat":"gc notification","name":"minor GC","ph":"X","ts":334626,"dur":13000,"pid":1,"tid":11},

    ...
    {"cat":"action processing","name":"Compiling third_party/grpc/src/core/lib/transport/status_conversion.cc","ph":"X","ts":12630845,"dur":136644,"pid":1,"tid":1546}
 ]
}

$ bazel build --profile=/tmp/prof //path/to:target

$ bazel analyze-profile /tmp/prof

INFO: Profile created on Tue Jun 16 08:59:40 CEST 2020, build ID: 0589419c-738b-4676-a374-18f7bbc7ac23, output base: /home/johndoe/.cache/bazel/_bazel_johndoe/d8eb7a85967b22409442664d380222c0

=== PHASE SUMMARY INFORMATION ===

Total launch phase time         1.070 s   12.95%
Total init phase time           0.299 s    3.62%
Total loading phase time        0.878 s   10.64%
Total analysis phase time       1.319 s   15.98%
Total preparation phase time    0.047 s    0.57%
Total execution phase time      4.629 s   56.05%
Total finish phase time         0.014 s    0.18%
------------------------------------------------
Total run time                  8.260 s  100.00%

Critical path (4.245 s):
       Time Percentage   Description
    8.85 ms    0.21%   _Ccompiler_Udeps for @local_config_cc// compiler_deps
    3.839 s   90.44%   action 'Compiling external/com_google_protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.cc [for host]'
     270 ms    6.36%   action 'Linking external/com_google_protobuf/protoc [for host]'
    0.25 ms    0.01%   runfiles for @com_google_protobuf// protoc
     126 ms    2.97%   action 'ProtoCompile external/com_google_protobuf/python/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin_pb2.py'
    0.96 ms    0.02%   runfiles for //tools/aquery_differ aquery_differ

  STARTUP_FLAGS=\
  --host_jvm_args=-javaagent:$(BAZEL)/third_party/allocation_instrumenter/java-allocation-instrumenter-3.3.0.jar \
  --host_jvm_args=-DRULE_MEMORY_TRACKER=1

$ bazel $(STARTUP_FLAGS) build --nobuild //foo:foo

$ bazel $(STARTUP_FLAGS) info used-heap-size-after-gc
> 2594MB

$ bazel $(STARTUP_FLAGS) dump --rules
>

RULE                                 COUNT     ACTIONS          BYTES         EACH
genrule                             33,762      33,801    291,538,824        8,635
config_setting                      25,374           0     24,897,336          981
filegroup                           25,369      25,369     97,496,272        3,843
cc_library                           5,372      73,235    182,214,456       33,919
proto_library                        4,140     110,409    186,776,864       45,115
android_library                      2,621      36,921    218,504,848       83,366
java_library                         2,371      12,459     38,841,000       16,381
_gen_source                            719       2,157      9,195,312       12,789
_check_proto_library_deps              719         668      1,835,288        2,552
... (more output)

$ bazel $(STARTUP_FLAGS) dump --skylark_memory=$HOME/prof.gz
> Dumping Starlark heap to: /usr/local/google/home/$USER/prof.gz

$ pprof -text -lines $HOME/prof.gz
>
      flat  flat%   sum%        cum   cum%
  146.11MB 19.64% 19.64%   146.11MB 19.64%  android_library <native>:-1
  113.02MB 15.19% 34.83%   113.02MB 15.19%  genrule <native>:-1
   74.11MB  9.96% 44.80%    74.11MB  9.96%  glob <native>:-1
   55.98MB  7.53% 52.32%    55.98MB  7.53%  filegroup <native>:-1
   53.44MB  7.18% 59.51%    53.44MB  7.18%  sh_test <native>:-1
   26.55MB  3.57% 63.07%    26.55MB  3.57%  _generate_foo_files /foo/tc/tc.bzl:491
   26.01MB  3.50% 66.57%    26.01MB  3.50%  _build_foo_impl /foo/build_test.bzl:78
   22.01MB  2.96% 69.53%    22.01MB  2.96%  _build_foo_impl /foo/build_test.bzl:73
   ... (more output)